Mold making and Casting products through EnvironMolds, LLC

Silicone molds are a game-changer for artists, bakers, crafters, and DIY lovers. Their flexibility, durability, and ease of use make them perfect for creating endless projects. Whether you're new to silicone molding or looking for fresh ideas, here’s a look at some exciting things you can make using silicone molds.

1. Candles

Silicone molds are fantastic for candle making because they can handle the heat of melted wax and release the finished product easily. From classic pillar candles to intricate shapes like flowers or geometric designs, the possibilities are endless.

2. Soaps

Handmade soaps look even more charming when crafted in silicone molds. You can create themed soaps for holidays, special occasions, or simply add a touch of luxury to your bathroom with custom designs.

3. Chocolates and Candies

Food-grade silicone molds are ideal for chocolate and candy making. Pour melted chocolate or candy mixture into cute molds like hearts, stars, or even mini animals for fun and delicious treats.

4. Resin Art Pieces

Epoxy resin pairs beautifully with silicone molds to create coasters, jewelry, decorative trays, paperweights, and keychains. The mold’s flexibility ensures that even intricate designs come out clean and bubble-free.

5. Bath Bombs

Custom bath bombs can be made easily with silicone molds. Choose fun shapes, add vibrant colors, essential oils, and watch your creations fizz away in the tub.

6. Plaster and Cement Crafts

For more industrial DIY projects, you can use silicone molds to shape plaster, cement, or concrete into items like plant pots, garden statues, or wall art.

7. Crayons and Wax Melts

Recycle broken crayons into fun new shapes or make homemade wax melts for your scent warmers using silicone molds.

 If you're feeling creative and want to customize your projects even further, you can make your own silicone molds at home! Check out this detailed How to Make a Silicone Mold at Home (Step-by-Step Guide) to get started with mold making yourself.

With just a little imagination and the right mold, the things you can create are truly endless! What would you like to try making first?

In the ever-evolving world of mold making, the fusion of art and technology is creating exciting new opportunities. For decades, traditional mold design methods have been the foundation of sculpture, casting, and manufacturing. But now, with the emergence of AI-generated mold designs, artists and professionals are witnessing a seismic shift in how molds are conceptualized, created, and perfected.

Let’s explore how traditional and AI-driven approaches to mold design stack up against each other—and why the future may already be here.

      1. Design Process

Traditional Mold Design

• Relies heavily on hand sketches, clay models, and manual sculpting.

• Time-consuming and dependent on the skill level of the artist.

• Involves several rounds of trial and error before achieving the desired result.

AI-Generated Mold Designs

• Starts with digital input—2D sketches, photos, or even verbal prompts.

• AI analyzes and optimizes the shape, symmetry, and fit automatically.

• Produces ready-to-use 3D designs in minutes, significantly reducing production time.

   

  2. Accuracy and Precision

  Traditional Mold Design

• Variability in manual craftsmanship can lead to inconsistencies.

• Measurement errors and asymmetries are common.

AI-Generated Mold Designs

• Delivers precision down to fractions of a millimeter.

• Automatically corrects structural flaws and aligns surfaces for a perfect cast every time.

   

  3. Time and Efficiency

  Traditional

• Each stage—from concept to final mold—can take days or even weeks.

• Reworking errors adds further delay.

AI-Based

• Design and revisions are almost instant.

• Ideal for high-volume or deadline-sensitive projects.

   

  4. Creativity and Customization

  Traditional

• Offers a deeply personal, handcrafted touch.

• Creativity is limited by manual skills and available materials.

AI

• Enhances creativity by generating variations you may not have considered.

• Easily customizes designs based on size, material, texture, or functional use.

   

  
  
  

  5. Cost Considerations

  Traditional

• High labor costs and materials used during trial-and-error can be expensive.

• May require specialized sculptors or mold experts.

AI

• Reduces labor time and material waste.

• Offers a scalable and cost-effective solution, especially for small studios or independent artists.

   

  6. Learning Curve

  Traditional

• Requires years of practice to master mold making.

• Mistakes are part of the learning process.

AI

• Easy-to-use platforms with intuitive interfaces.

• Beginner artists can achieve professional-quality results with little prior experience.

  
  

   

  The Verdict: Tradition Meets Innovation

  Traditional mold design is a beautiful art form rooted in craftsmanship, patience, and personal expression. But in today’s fast-paced creative industries, AI-generated mold designs offer speed, precision, and innovation that traditional methods alone can't match.

  The good news? You don’t have to choose one over the other.

  Artists and makers worldwide are now blending both techniques—letting AI handle the heavy lifting while they focus on what they do best: bringing imagination to life.

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  👉 Want to see how AI is already transforming the casting world?
  Check out our in-depth blog:
  How AI-Generated Mold Designs Are Transforming the Art of Casting
  

Ready to bring your creative ideas to life? Let’s walk through how to make a professional-looking resin cast using a custom 3D printed mold—perfect for artists, crafters, and makers who want to level up their casting game.

Why Use a 3D Printed Mold for Resin Casting?

Traditional mold-making has its perks, but 3D printing is changing the game. Whether you're replicating an intricate design, personalizing a project, or just tired of expensive silicone prototypes, 3D printed molds offer a more precise and cost-effective solution.

In fact, we recently broke down how 3D printed molds are revolutionizing the world of art and manufacturing in our blog:
👉 3D Printing Molds for Casting: A Game-Changer in Manufacturing and Art

Now, let’s get hands-on.

What You’ll Need

Tools & Materials

• A 3D printed mold (PLA, ABS, or PETG recommended)

• Resin (epoxy or polyurethane)

• Mold release spray (optional but helpful)

• Mixing cups and stirrers

• Gloves & safety gear

• Heat gun or torch (to remove bubbles)

• Paints, pigments, or glitter (optional for design)

Step-by-Step Instructions

Step 1: Prep Your 3D Printed Mold

If your mold is freshly printed, you’ll want to clean it thoroughly. Sand any rough edges and ensure the interior surface is smooth—this helps with resin flow and final finish.

Pro Tip: Apply a mold release agent if your mold isn’t coated or sealed. It helps extend the life of your mold and makes demolding a breeze.

Step 2: Mix the Resin

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing your resin and hardener. Stir slowly to minimize air bubbles.

Add pigments, dyes, or other artistic additives now if you're going for a customized look.

Step 3: Pour the Resin

Slowly pour the mixed resin into your 3D printed mold. Do it gradually from one corner to help air escape and avoid bubbles.

Tap the mold gently on a table to bring bubbles to the surface.

Step 4: De-Bubble and Let It Cure

Use a heat gun or torch briefly over the surface to pop any remaining bubbles.

Let the resin cure as per the manufacturer’s time (usually 24–48 hours). Keep the mold in a dust-free, level space during this time.

Step 5: Demold and Finish

Once the resin is fully cured, gently remove it from the mold.

If needed, you can sand, polish, or paint the finished cast for added flair.

Helpful Tips for Better Results

• Use high-resolution settings when printing the mold for detailed designs.

• Experiment with flexible resins for easier demolding.

• Want a glossy finish? Coat the inside of your mold with a clear sealant before casting.
  
  

Where to Learn More

3D printed molds are just the tip of the iceberg. They’re reshaping how we approach casting—blending digital design with hands-on creation.

Want to dive deeper into the tech, materials, and methods behind this trend?
👉 Check out our full blog:
3D Printing Molds for Casting: A Game-Changer in Manufacturing and Art

Create Without Limits

With 3D printing and resin casting in your toolkit, you’re only limited by your imagination. Whether you're creating custom jewelry, DIY home decor, or artistic replicas—this method unlocks a new world of precision and personalization.

Let’s mold the future—one cast at a time. 😉

Choosing the right material is key when it comes to professional or hobby mask making. The debate of latex vs. silicone for mask making is central to achieving desired results in durability, realism, comfort, and budget. Whether you're creating Halloween masks, theatrical props, or collectible pieces, the material you select impacts both the production process and the final quality. In this blog, we will explore the strengths and limitations of both materials and help you determine the best material for masks based on your specific needs.

Understanding the Fundamentals of Latex Mask Making

Latex mask making has been a traditional method for decades, favored by many professionals for its cost-effectiveness and ease of use. Natural rubber latex is flexible, lightweight, and dries relatively quickly. It’s an ideal material for masks that need to be worn for extended periods, thanks to its breathable structure and comfort.

Advantages of Latex

Latex offers excellent flexibility and stretches well without tearing. This makes it suitable for masks requiring frequent wear and movement. Its affordability also makes it a top choice for large-scale productions or seasonal creations like Halloween masks. Latex captures surface details well, which helps in sculpting expressive and exaggerated facial features.

Limitations of Latex

However, latex does have its drawbacks. It degrades over time, especially when exposed to sunlight and humidity. Additionally, some individuals may have allergic reactions to latex, making it unsuitable for certain wearers. The finish of latex is typically less realistic compared to silicone, which may be a concern for professionals looking for hyper-realistic results.

Exploring the Versatility of Silicone Mask Making

On the other hand, silicone mask making has gained traction for producing hyper-realistic and long-lasting results. Silicone offers a skin-like texture and higher tear resistance, making it a preferred option for film, television, and collectors.

Benefits of Silicone

Silicone boasts impressive durability and lifelike appearance. It doesn’t degrade as quickly as latex and is generally hypoallergenic. Silicone masks conform closely to facial movements, making them perfect for animatronics or masks designed to mimic human expressions. Furthermore, silicone maintains its elasticity and appearance over time, even with repeated use.

Challenges of Silicone

While silicone has many benefits, it also comes at a higher cost. The material itself is more expensive, and the process requires more advanced mask making supplies and expertise. Silicone also tends to be heavier than latex, which might affect comfort during extended wear.

Best Material for Masks: Comparing Use Cases

When choosing the best material for masks, consider the purpose of the mask, budget constraints, and your experience level.

• For hobbyists or seasonal users, latex is a more accessible option. It's easier to work with and more forgiving for beginners.
• For professionals or special effects artists, silicone offers unmatched realism and durability, justifying the higher investment.

In essence, latex vs. silicone for mask making should be decided based on how the mask will be used, how often it will be worn, and what visual outcome you aim to achieve.

Mask Making Supplies: What You Need to Get Started

Whether you choose latex or silicone, having the right mask making supplies is essential. For latex, you’ll need a mold, sculpting tools, release agents, and painting materials. Silicone mask making involves additional materials like silicone pigments, thixotropic agents, platinum-cure silicone, and specialized release agents.

Investing in high-quality supplies ensures a smoother production process and better results. You’ll also want proper safety equipment, including gloves and ventilation, especially when working with chemicals.

Durability and Storage: Long-Term Considerations

Both materials have different storage and maintenance needs:

• Latex masks should be stored away from direct sunlight and moisture. Use talcum powder to keep them from sticking together.
• Silicone masks should be stored flat or on a mannequin head to maintain their shape. Clean them using mild soap and water to ensure longevity.

Understanding how to maintain your masks post-production will keep them looking and performing their best over time.

Customization and Finish Quality

In terms of finishing, silicone outperforms latex for hyper-realistic looks. It can be tinted during mixing and painted with silicone pigments to blend seamlessly. Latex masks usually require painting after molding and can be more prone to wear and flaking.

That said, latex offers better paint adhesion for vibrant and theatrical looks, making it ideal for fantasy or exaggerated characters. Both materials can be customized, but the skill level required for silicone is significantly higher.

Conclusion: Make the Right Choice for Your Masking Needs

When deciding between latex vs. silicone for mask making, the choice ultimately comes down to your project’s demands. For affordability, ease, and flexibility, latex mask making is a reliable option. For realism, durability, and professional appeal, silicone mask making is the superior choice.

No matter which route you choose, ArtMolds provides premium-grade mask making supplies to support your creative process. From molding compounds to pigments and release agents, we have everything you need to bring your vision to life.

Create lifelike masks with professional-grade materials at ArtMolds

FAQs About Latex vs. Silicone for Mask Making

1. Which material is more beginner-friendly for mask making?

Latex is generally more beginner-friendly due to its affordability, ease of use, and fewer technical requirements compared to silicone.

2. Are silicone masks more durable than latex masks?

Yes, silicone masks are more durable. They resist tears better, don’t degrade easily, and maintain realism longer than latex.

3. Can I use the same mold for both latex and silicone masks?

Not always. Latex shrinks as it dries and works best in porous molds, while silicone requires non-porous molds and specific release agents.

4. Which material is better for realistic human masks?

Silicone is better for creating realistic human masks due to its skin-like texture, translucency, and facial movement compatibility.

5. Is latex safe for all skin types?

No. Latex can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Always test for sensitivity or use hypoallergenic alternatives like silicone.

6. Where can I buy high-quality supplies for both latex and silicone mask making?

You can find premium mask making supplies for both materials at ArtMolds, including tools, compounds, pigments, and mold-making kits.

3D printing molds for casting is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry by providing a cost-effective and efficient method for mold production. Traditionally, molds were made using CNC machining, silicone molding, or manual crafting, which required time, expertise, and expensive materials. However, 3D printed molds streamline the process by enabling rapid prototyping, customization, and reduced waste.

The process involves designing a mold using CAD (computer-aided design) software and printing it with materials such as resin, thermoplastics, or even metal. Once printed, the mold is used to cast materials like metal, resin, wax, or concrete to create final products.

Advantages of 3D Printed Molds in Casting

1. Cost Savings – Traditional mold-making methods can be expensive due to labor and material costs. 3D printing significantly reduces production costs by eliminating the need for extensive tooling.

2. Rapid Prototyping – 3D printing allows for quick iterations and modifications, enabling designers to test and refine their molds without long wait times.

3. Customization & Complexity – With 3D printing, intricate and complex mold designs can be created effortlessly, which would be challenging or impossible using conventional techniques.

4. Reduced Material Waste – Unlike subtractive manufacturing (e.g., CNC machining), which removes material, 3D printing is an additive process, meaning less waste is generated.

5. Versatility in Materials – 3D printed molds can be made from a variety of materials, including high-temperature resins and metal-infused filaments, ensuring compatibility with different casting applications.

6. Faster Production Time – Since 3D printing eliminates multiple manual steps, mold production time is drastically reduced, accelerating overall manufacturing cycles.

   
   
   

Industries Benefiting from 3D Printed Molds

1. Automotive Industry – Car manufacturers use 3D printed molds for prototyping and casting metal parts, reducing lead times for custom components.

2. Aerospace & Defense – 3D printing molds are used to create lightweight, high-strength components for aircraft and military applications.

3. Jewelry Making – Jewelers use 3D printed molds for lost-wax casting, enabling intricate and detailed designs with minimal material waste.

4. Medical Industry – Customized prosthetics, dental implants, and surgical instruments benefit from the precision and adaptability of 3D printed molds.

5. Consumer Goods – From customized home decor to fashion accessories, 3D printed molds allow manufacturers to create unique and small-batch products efficiently.

6. Industrial Manufacturing – Factories use 3D printed molds to create parts for machinery, reducing downtime and production costs.

Final Thoughts

3D printing molds for casting is reshaping traditional mold-making techniques, offering faster turnaround times, greater design flexibility, and cost savings. As technology continues to evolve, industries will increasingly adopt 3D printed molds to enhance production efficiency and innovation. Whether you are in jewelry making, aerospace, or consumer goods, 3D printed molds can significantly improve your casting process.

A pressure pot for resin is an essential tool for resin casting enthusiasts and professionals. It ensures bubble-free, clear resin projects by applying uniform pressure during curing. However, to maintain its efficiency and extend its lifespan, proper cleaning and maintenance are crucial. In this guide, we will walk you through the best practices for maintaining and cleaning a resin casting pressure pot to keep it functioning optimally for years to come.

Why Proper Maintenance of a Pressure Pot Matters

Maintaining a clear resin pressure pot is not just about keeping it clean—it also ensures safety, efficiency, and longevity. Neglecting routine care can lead to clogged valves, pressure leaks, and even equipment failure. With proper maintenance, your pressure pot will deliver high-quality resin castings every time, preventing defects and minimizing material waste.

Step-by-Step Guide to Cleaning a Pressure Pot for Resin Casting

1. Gather Your Cleaning Supplies

Ensure you have the appropriate tools and materials before starting the cleaning process.You will need:

• Isopropyl alcohol (99%)
• Mild dish soap and warm water
• Soft lint-free cloths or paper towels
• Small brushes (to reach tight spots)
• Compressed air canister
• Silicone-safe degreaser (optional)
• Wrench and screwdriver (for disassembly if needed)

2. Empty the Pressure Pot and Remove Residue

After each resin casting session, ensure the pressure pot is empty. Remove any resin drips or spills using a paper towel soaked in isopropyl alcohol. For stubborn residues, apply a small amount of dish soap mixed with warm water and scrub gently with a brush.

3. Clean the Interior Chamber

The inner chamber of the resin casting pressure pot can accumulate resin particles over time. Use a cloth dampened with isopropyl alcohol to wipe the chamber. Refrain from using harsh materials that may cause scratches on the surface

4. Inspect and Clean the Gaskets and Seals

The rubber gaskets and seals ensure an airtight closure, preventing air leaks during operation. Wipe them with a damp cloth to remove dust and residue. If you notice cracks or wear, replace the gaskets immediately to maintain pressure efficiency.

5. Check and Maintain the Pressure Gauge and Valves

The pressure gauge and air valves are critical components of a clear resin pressure pot. To clean them:

• Utilize compressed air to clear away dust and debris.
• Apply a silicone-safe degreaser if needed.
• Ensure the pressure gauge needle moves freely and accurately.
• Secure any loose connections using a wrench.

6. Clean the Lid and Clamps

The lid must seal tightly against the pot to create the necessary pressure. Wipe down the lid with isopropyl alcohol and inspect the clamps for any signs of rust or damage. If the clamps are difficult to tighten, apply a small amount of lubricant to improve functionality.

7. Perform a Leak Test

After cleaning, reassemble the pressure pot and perform a leak test by pressurizing it without resin inside. Listen for hissing sounds and apply soapy water to detect small leaks. If bubbles form, tighten connections or replace faulty components.

Tips for Long-Term Maintenance of a Pressure Pot for Resin

• Regular Cleaning Schedule: Clean your pressure pot after every use to prevent resin buildup.
• Lubricate Moving Parts: Apply lubricant to hinges, clamps, and valves to prevent wear and tear.
• Store in a Dry Place: Moisture can cause rust, so always store your pressure pot in a dry environment.
• Monitor Air Compressor Compatibility: Ensure your air compressor meets the recommended PSI for your pressure pot to prevent over-pressurization.
• Replace Worn Components: Gaskets, O-rings, and seals should be inspected regularly and replaced when necessary.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Cleaning a Pressure Pot

1. Using Harsh Chemicals: Avoid strong solvents that can degrade rubber seals and internal coatings.
2. Neglecting Air Valves: Failing to clean and inspect valves can lead to pressure leaks.
3. Skipping Regular Inspections: Small issues can turn into major malfunctions if left unaddressed.
4. Over-Tightening Clamps: Excessive force can damage the pot’s sealing mechanism.
5. Forgetting to Release Pressure: Always depressurize before opening to avoid sudden pressure release.

Conclusion

A well-maintained pressure pot for resin not only enhances the quality of your resin projects but also ensures safe and reliable operation. Regular cleaning, proper storage, and timely replacement of worn-out parts will extend the lifespan of your resin casting pressure pot, saving you money in the long run.

For high-quality pressure pots and casting materials, visit ArtMolds today and explore a range of products designed for professional resin casting.

Get the Best Results Every Time with a Well-Maintained Pressure Pot!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How often should I clean my pressure pot for resin casting?
   It is recommended to clean your pressure pot after every use to prevent resin buildup and maintain its efficiency.
2. What is the best way to remove cured resin from a pressure pot?
   Cured resin can be removed by soaking the affected area in isopropyl alcohol and gently scraping with a plastic tool.
3. Can I use acetone to clean my pressure pot?
   Acetone is not recommended as it may degrade rubber seals and damage the internal coating of the pressure pot.
4. Why is my pressure pot leaking air?
   Air leaks can be caused by worn gaskets, loose valves, or damaged seals. Examine and replace any faulty components as necessary.
5. How can I prevent rust inside my pressure pot?
   Store your pressure pot in a dry place, avoid using water excessively, and apply a rust-prevention spray if necessary.
6. What PSI should I set for resin casting in a pressure pot?
   Most resin casting projects require a pressure setting between 40-60 PSI. Always check the manufacturer’s recommendations for your specific pressure pot.

Plaster of Paris molding is a popular technique in arts, crafts, and construction due to its versatility and ease of use. However, despite its widespread application, many individuals struggle with achieving durable and accurate molds. This blog will explore the most common mistakes that lead to failed Plaster of Paris molding projects and provide expert solutions to ensure success.

Understanding Plaster of Paris Molding

Before diving into the common issues, it is crucial to understand how Plaster of Paris works. This material is made by heating gypsum, which is then mixed with water to form a quick-setting paste. When handled correctly, it results in strong, smooth, and detailed molds. However, small errors in preparation and execution can cause significant failures.

10 Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

1. Incorrect Water-to-Plaster Ratio

One of the biggest mistakes when working with Plaster of Paris is getting the water-to-plaster ratio wrong. Too much water weakens the mold, making it brittle, while too little water causes uneven setting and a rough texture.

Solution: Follow the recommended mixing ratio, typically 2 parts plaster to 1 part water. Stir gently to prevent air bubbles from forming.

2. Poor Mixing Technique

Improper mixing leads to lumps and weak spots in the mold. Stirring too vigorously introduces air bubbles that can cause structural weaknesses.

Solution: Gradually add Plaster of Paris to water while stirring gently in a circular motion. Allow the mixture to sit for a minute before using to let air bubbles escape.

3. Using Unsealed Molds

Unsealed molds can absorb moisture, leading to poor mold release and breakage.

Solution: Always apply a mold release agent or seal porous molds with shellac or petroleum jelly before pouring the plaster.

4. Rushing the Setting Process

Many beginners try to speed up the drying process using heat, which can cause cracks and warping.

Solution: Allow the mold to dry at room temperature for 24–48 hours. If needed, place it in a well-ventilated area with moderate airflow.

5. Pouring Too Quickly

Pouring Plaster of Paris too fast introduces air pockets, which weaken the final mold.

Solution: Pour slowly and tap the mold gently on a solid surface to release trapped air bubbles.

6. Not Using Reinforcement for Large Molds

Large molds require additional support to prevent breaking or crumbling.

Solution: Embed wire mesh or gauze strips within the Plaster of Paris molding to add strength and stability.

7. Removing the Mold Too Soon

Removing a mold before it fully sets increases the risk of deformation and cracks.

Solution: Wait until the plaster is fully cured before demolding. If unsure, gently tap the surface—it should sound solid.

8. Not Considering Expansion and Shrinkage

Plaster of Paris expands slightly while setting, which can cause cracking if confined in a rigid mold.

Solution: Use flexible mold materials like silicone or rubber, which accommodate expansion and ensure smooth release.

9. Exposure to Moisture After Curing

Even after curing, excess moisture weakens the mold over time.

Solution: Store molds in a dry area and apply a protective sealant if the mold will be used multiple times.

10. Using Plaster of Paris for Life Casting Without Proper Precautions

A common question is: Can you use Plaster of Paris for life casting? While it is possible, improper application can cause burns or skin irritation.

Solution: Use a skin-safe barrier like petroleum jelly or invest in life-casting-specific plasters, which have safer formulations.

Conclusion

Achieving perfect Plaster of Paris molding requires attention to detail and proper handling techniques. By avoiding these common mistakes, you can create durable and precise molds for your projects. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced crafter, mastering these best practices will ensure consistent success.

For high-quality Plaster of Paris supplies and expert guidance, visit ArtMolds. Elevate your molding experience with premium materials and professional insights!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can you use Plaster of Paris for life casting?

Yes, but it requires a skin-safe barrier to prevent burns. Alternatively, use specialized life-casting plasters for safety.

2. Why does my Plaster of Paris mold keep breaking?

Common causes include incorrect mixing ratios, inadequate reinforcement, or premature demolding. Ensure proper technique and curing time.

3. How can I make my Plaster of Paris mold last longer?

Store it in a dry place, seal it with a protective coating, and handle it with care to prevent chipping or cracking.

4. Can I paint my Plaster of Paris mold?

Yes, once fully cured, use acrylic or latex-based paints. Apply a primer for better adhesion.

5. How do I remove bubbles from my Plaster of Paris mold?

Stir the mixture gently, tap the mold after pouring, and let it settle before setting to eliminate air pockets.

6. What is the best way to seal a Plaster of Paris mold?

Use a clear acrylic sealer or a diluted solution of white glue and water to enhance durability and moisture resistance.